Note 1: SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESPrinciples of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of
Ameron International Corporation and all wholly-owned
subsidiaries ("Ameron" or the "Company"). All material
intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make certain
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and
the reported amounts of revenues and expenses.Significant estimates
include revenue and costs recorded under percentage-of-completion
accounting, assumptions related to benefit plans, goodwill, and
reserves associated with management incentives, receivables,
inventories, income taxes, self insurance and environmental and legal
contingencies.Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue for the Fiberglass-Composite Pipe and Infrastructure
Products segments is recognized when risk of ownership and title
pass, primarily at the time goods are shipped, provided that an
agreement exists between the customer and the Company, the price
is fixed or determinable and collection is reasonably assured.
Revenue is recognized for the Water Transmission Group primarily
under the percentage-of-completion method, typically based on
completed units of production, since products are manufactured
under enforceable and binding construction contracts, are typically
designed for specific applications, are not interchangeable between
projects, and are not manufactured for stock. In those cases in
which products are manufactured for stock or are not related to
specific construction contracts, revenue is recognized under the
same criteria used by the other two segments. Revenue under the
percentage-of-completion method is subject to a greater level of
estimation, which affects the timing of revenue recognition, costs
and profits. Estimates are reviewed on a consistent basis and are
adjusted periodically to reflect current expectations. Costs attributable to unpriced change orders are treated as costs of
contract performance in the period, and contract revenue is
recognized if recovery is probable. Disputed or unapproved change
orders are treated as claims. Recognition of amounts of additional
contract revenue relating to claims occurs when amounts have been
received or awarded with recognition based on the percentage-ofcompletion
methodology.
Research and Development Costs
Research and development costs, which relate primarily to the
development, design and testing of products, are expensed as
incurred. Such costs, which are included in selling, general and
administrative expenses, were $5,790,000 in 2006, $4,567,000 in
2005, and $3,667,000 in 2004.
Environmental Clean-up Costs
The Company expenses environmental clean-up costs related to
existing conditions resulting from past or current operations on a
site-by-site basis. Liabilities and costs associated with these
matters, as well as other pending litigation and asserted claims
arising in the ordinary course of business, require estimates of
future costs and judgments based on the knowledge and
experience of management and the Company's legal counsel.
When the Company's exposures can be reasonably estimated and
are probable, liabilities and expenses are recorded.
Income Taxes
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for
differences between the financial statement and income tax bases
of assets and liabilities. Such deferred income tax asset and
liability computations are based on enacted tax laws and rates
applicable to periods in which the differences are expected to
reverse. Valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred
income tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.
Net Income Per Share
Basic net income per share is computed on the basis of the
weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during
the periods presented. Diluted net income per share is computed on
the basis of the weighted-average number of common shares
outstanding plus the effect of outstanding stock options and
restricted stock, using the treasury stock method as follows:
| (In thousands, except per share data) |
2006 |
2005 |
2004 |
| Numerator: |
|
|
|
| Income from continuing operations |
50,060 |
29,509 |
11,151 |
| Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes |
2,140 |
3,101 |
2,308 |
| Net income |
52,200 |
32,610 |
13,459 |
| Denominator for basic income per share: |
|
|
|
| Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic |
8,731,839 |
8,410,563 |
8,270,487 |
| Denominator for diluted income per share: |
|
|
|
| Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic |
8,731,839 |
8,410,563 |
8,270,487 |
| Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock |
139,856 |
168,631 |
178,500 |
| Weighted-average shares outstanding, diluted |
8,871,695 |
8,579,194 |
8,448,987 |
| Basic net income per share: |
|
|
|
| Income from continuing operations |
5.73 |
3.51 |
1.35 |
| Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes |
.25 |
.37 |
.28 |
| Net income |
5.98 |
3.88 |
1.63 |
| Diluted net income per share: |
|
|
|
| Income from continuing operations |
5.64 |
3.44 |
1.32 |
| Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes |
.24 |
.36 |
.27 |
| Net income |
5.88 |
3.80 |
1.59 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents represent highly liquid investments with
maturities of three months or less when purchased.
Inventory Valuation
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market with cost
determined principally on the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method
except for certain steel inventories used by the Water
Transmission Group that are valued using the last-in, first-out
("LIFO") method. Significant changes in steel levels or costs could
materially impact the Company's financial statements. Reserves
are established for excess, obsolete and rework inventories based
on estimates of salability and forecasted future demand.
Joint Ventures
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures or affiliates ("joint
ventures") over which the Company has significant influence are
accounted for under the equity method of accounting, whereby the
investment is carried at the cost of acquisition, plus the Company's
equity in undistributed earnings or losses since acquisition.
Investments in joint ventures over which the Company does not
have the ability to exert significant influence over the investees'
operating and financing activities are accounted for under the cost
method of accounting. The Company's investment in TAMCO, a
steel mini-mill in California, is accounted for under the equity
method. Investments in Ameron Saudi Arabia, Ltd. and
Bondstrand, Ltd. are accounted for under the cost method due to
management's current assessment of the Company's influence over
these joint ventures.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Items capitalized as property, plant and equipment, including
improvements to existing facilities, are recorded at cost. Construction
in progress represents capital expenditures incurred for assets not yet
placed in service.Capitalized interest was not material for the periods
presented.
Depreciation is computed principally using the straight-line method
based on estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold
improvements are amortized over the shorter of the life of the
improvement or the term of the lease.Useful lives are as follows::
|
Useful Lives in Years |
|
| Buildings |
10-40 |
| Machinery and equipment |
|
| |
Autos, trucks and trailers |
3-8 |
| |
Cranes and tractors |
5-15 |
| |
Manufacturing equipment |
3-15 |
| |
Other |
3-20 |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over periods
ranging from three to 15 years.
The cost of an acquired business is allocated to the acquired net
assets based on the estimated fair values at the date of acquisition.
The excess of the cost of an acquired business over the aggregate fair
value is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized, but
instead tested for impairment at least annually. Such tests require
management to make estimates about future cash flows and other
factors to determine the fair value of the respective assets.
The Company reviews the recoverability of intangible and other
long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. If the estimated future, undiscounted cash flows
from the use of an asset are less than its carrying value, a writedown
is recorded to reduce the related asset to estimated fair value.
Self Insurance
The Company typically utilizes third-party insurance subject to
varying retention levels or self insurance and aggregate limits.The
Company is self insured for a portion of the losses and liabilities
primarily associated with workers' compensation claims and
general, product and vehicle liability. Losses are accrued based
upon the Company's estimates of the aggregate liability for claims
incurred using historical experience and certain actuarial
assumptions followed in the insurance industry. The estimate of
self insurance liability includes an estimate of incurred but not
reported claims,based on data compiled from historical experience.
Foreign Currency Translation
The functional currencies for the Company's foreign operations
are the applicable local currencies. The translation from the
applicable foreign currencies to U.S. dollars is performed for
balance sheet accounts using current exchange rates in effect at
the balance sheet date and for revenue and expense accounts
using a weighted-average exchange rate during the period. The
resulting translation adjustments are recorded in accumulated
other comprehensive income (loss). Translation adjustments
arising from intercompany advances that are permanent in nature
are also included in accumulated other comprehensive income
(loss). Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency
transactions are included in other income, net.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management
The Company operates internationally, giving rise to exposure to
market risks from changes in foreign exchange rates.From time to
time, derivative financial instruments, primarily foreign exchange
contracts, are used by the Company to reduce those risks. The
Company does not hold or issue financial or derivative financial
instruments for trading or speculative purposes.As of November
30, 2006 and 2005, the Company had foreign currency forward
contracts with an aggregate notional value of $1,719,000 and
$5,096,000, respectively.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of financial instruments, other than long-term debt
or derivatives, approximates the carrying value because of the
short-term nature of such instruments.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk
consist primarily of cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, and
forward foreign exchange contracts. The Company records an
allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience and
expected trends. Credit risk with respect to trade accounts
receivable is generally distributed over a large number of entities
comprising the Company's customer base and is geographically
dispersed. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its
customers, maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts and, in
certain instances, maintains credit insurance.The Company actively
evaluates the creditworthiness of the financial institutions with
which it conducts business.
Stock-Based Compensation
Prior to December 1, 2005, the Company applied Accounting
Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to
Employees", and related interpretations in accounting for its
various stock compensation plans. Effective December 1, 2005,
the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 123 (revised 2004), "Share-Based
Payments", using the Modified Prospective Application method.
SFAS No. 123 (R) requires the Company to measure all employee
stock-based compensation awards using the fair-value method
and to record such expense in its consolidated financial
statements (described in Note 13). Under the Modified Prospective
Application method, financial results for the prior periods have not
been adjusted.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB")
issued Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") 06-03, "How Taxes
Collected from Customers and Remitted to Governmental
Authorities Should Be Presented in the Income Statement (That Is,
Gross Versus Net Presentation)". EITF 06-03 requires that any tax
assessed by a governmental authority that is imposed concurrent
with or subsequent to a revenue-producing transaction between a
seller and a customer should be presented on a gross (included in
revenues and costs) or a net (excluded from revenues) basis. In
addition, for any such taxes that are reported on a gross basis, a
company should disclose the amounts of those taxes in interim and
annual financial statements for each period for which an income
statement is presented if those amounts are significant. EITF 06-03
will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning
after December 15, 2006. The adoption of EITF 06-03 is not expected
to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
In July 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation ("FIN") No. 48,
"Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - an interpretation of
FASB Statement No. 109." FIN No. 48 clarifies the accounting for
uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an entity's financial
statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109 and prescribes a
recognition threshold and measurement attribute for financial
statement disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken
on a tax return. FIN No. 48 requires the impact of a tax position to
be recognized in the financial statements if that position is more
likely than not of being sustained by the taxing authority. FIN No.48
is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006, with
early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating whether the
adoption of FIN No. 48 will have a material effect on its consolidated
financial statements.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, "Fair Value
Measurements," which formally defines fair value, creates a
standardized framework for measuring fair value in generally
accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), and expands fair value
measurement disclosures. SFAS No. 157 will be effective for fiscal
years beginning after November 15, 2007. The adoption of SFAS No.
157 is not expected to have a material effect on its consolidated
financial statements.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, "Employers'
Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement
Plans", amending FASB Statement No. 87, "Employers' Accounting
for Pensions," FASB Statement No. 88, "Employers' Accounting for
Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and
for Termination Benefits," FASB Statement No. 106, "Employers'
Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions," and
FASB Statement No. 132, "Employers' Disclosures about Pensions
and Other Postretirement Benefits." SFAS No. 158 requires
companies to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a
defined benefit postretirement plan (other than a multiemployer
plan) as an asset or liability in its financial statements and to
recognize changes in that status in the year in which the changes
occur. SFAS No. 158 also requires companies to measure the funded
status of a plan as of the date of its year-end financial statements.
SFAS No. 158 will be effective as of the end of the fiscal year ending after December 15, 2006. The adoption of SFAS No. 158 is expected
to have a significant effect on the Company's consolidated balance
sheet. The Company is in the process of quantifying the effect of
adoption.
In September 2006, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108 "Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when
Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements"
("SAB 108"). SAB 108 provides interpretive guidance on how the
effects of the carryover or reversal of prior year misstatements
should be considered in quantifying a current year misstatement.
The SEC staff believes that registrants should quantify errors using
both a balance sheet and income statement approach and evaluate
whether either approach results in quantifying a misstatement that,
when all relevant quantitative and qualitative factors considered, is
material. SAB 108 is effective for fiscal years ending on or after
November 15, 2006. The Company's adoption of SAB 108 did not
have a material impact on its financial position or results of
operations.
| Supplemental Cash Flow Information |
| (In thousands) |
2006 |
2005 |
2004 |
|
| Interest paid |
$ 4,891 |
$ 5,863 |
$ 6,509 |
| Income taxes paid |
8,787 |
17,482 |
6,103 |
|