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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1: SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Ameron International Corporation and all wholly-owned subsidiaries ("Ameron" or the "Company"). All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Reclassifications

Certain prior-year balances have been reclassified to conform with the current-year presentation

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses.Significant estimates include revenue and costs recorded under percentage-of-completion accounting, assumptions related to benefit plans, goodwill, and reserves associated with management incentives, receivables, inventories, income taxes, self insurance and environmental and legal contingencies.Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue for the Fiberglass-Composite Pipe and Infrastructure Products segments is recognized when risk of ownership and title pass, primarily at the time goods are shipped, provided that an agreement exists between the customer and the Company, the price is fixed or determinable and collection is reasonably assured. Revenue is recognized for the Water Transmission Group primarily under the percentage-of-completion method, typically based on completed units of production, since products are manufactured under enforceable and binding construction contracts, are typically designed for specific applications, are not interchangeable between projects, and are not manufactured for stock. In those cases in which products are manufactured for stock or are not related to specific construction contracts, revenue is recognized under the same criteria used by the other two segments. Revenue under the percentage-of-completion method is subject to a greater level of estimation, which affects the timing of revenue recognition, costs and profits. Estimates are reviewed on a consistent basis and are adjusted periodically to reflect current expectations. Costs attributable to unpriced change orders are treated as costs of contract performance in the period, and contract revenue is recognized if recovery is probable. Disputed or unapproved change orders are treated as claims. Recognition of amounts of additional contract revenue relating to claims occurs when amounts have been received or awarded with recognition based on the percentage-ofcompletion methodology.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs, which relate primarily to the development, design and testing of products, are expensed as incurred. Such costs, which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses, were approximately $5,724,000 in 2007, $5,790,000 in 2006, and $4,567,000 in 2005.

Environmental Clean-up Costs

The Company expenses environmental clean-up costs related to existing conditions resulting from past or current operations on a site-by-site basis. Liabilities and costs associated with these matters, as well as other pending litigation and asserted claims arising in the ordinary course of business, require estimates of future costs and judgments based on the knowledge and experience of management and the Company’s legal counsel. When the Company's exposures can be reasonably estimated and are probable, liabilities and expenses are recorded.

Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities. Such deferred income tax asset and liability computations are based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to periods in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

Net Income Per Share

Basic net income per share is computed on the basis of the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during
the periods presented. Diluted net income per share is computed on the basis of the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding plus the effect of outstanding stock options and restricted stock, using the treasury stock method as follows::

(In thousands, except per share data)
2007
2006
2005
Numerator:      
 Income from continuing operations
$ 61,140
50,060
29,509
 Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes
6,099
2,140
3,101
 Net income
$ 67,239
52,200
32,610
Denominator for basic income per share:
 Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic
9,029,487
8,731,839
8,410,563
Denominator for diluted income per share:
 Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic
9,029,487
8,731,839
8,410,563
 Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock
61,359
139,856
168,631
 Weighted-average shares outstanding, diluted
9,090,846
8,871,695
8,579,194
Basic net income per share:
 Income from continuing operations
$ 6.77
5.73
3.51
 Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes
.68
.25
.37
 Net income
$ 7.45
5.98
3.88
Diluted net income per share:
 Income from continuing operations
$ 6.73
5.64
3.44
 Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes
.67
.24
.36
 Net income
$ 7.40
5.88
3.80

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents represent highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased.

Inventory Valuation

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market with cost determined principally on the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method except for certain steel inventories used by the Water Transmission Group that are valued using the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method. Significant changes in steel levels or costs could materially impact the Company's financial statements. Reserves are established for excess, obsolete and rework inventories based on estimates of salability and forecasted future demand.

Joint Ventures

Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures or affiliates ("joint ventures") over which the Company has significant influence are accounted for under the equity method of accounting, whereby the investment is carried at the cost of acquisition, plus the Company's equity in undistributed earnings or losses since acquisition. Investments in joint ventures over which the Company does not have the ability to exert significant influence over the investees' operating and financing activities are accounted for under the cost method of accounting. The Company's investment in TAMCO, a steel mini-mill in California, is accounted for under the equity method. Investments in Ameron Saudi Arabia, Ltd. and Bondstrand, Ltd. are accounted for under the cost method due to management's current assessment of the Company's influence over these joint ventures.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Items capitalized as property, plant and equipment, including improvements to existing facilities, are recorded at cost. Construction in progress represents capital expenditures incurred for assets not yet placed in service.Capitalized interest was not material for the periods presented.

Depreciation is computed principally using the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the life of the improvement or the term of the lease.Useful lives are as follows:

Useful Lives in Years

Buildings
10-40
Machinery and equipment
 

Autos, trucks and trailers

3-8
 

Cranes and tractors

5-15
  Manufacturing equipment 3-15
  Other 3-20


Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from three to 15 years.

The cost of an acquired business is allocated to the acquired net assets based on the estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess of the cost of an acquired business over the aggregate fair value is recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead tested for impairment at least annually. Such tests require management to make estimates about future cash flows and other factors to determine the fair value of the respective assets.

The Company reviews the recoverability of intangible and other long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. If the estimated future, undiscounted cash flows from the use of an asset are less than its carrying value, a writedown is recorded to reduce the related asset to estimated fair value.

Self Insurance

The Company typically utilizes third-party insurance subject to varying retention levels or self insurance and aggregate limits.
The Company is self insured for a portion of the losses and liabilities primarily associated with workers' compensation claims and general, product and vehicle liability. Losses are accrued based upon the Company's estimates of the aggregate liability for claims incurred using historical experience and certain actuarial assumptions followed in the insurance industry. The estimate of self insurance liability includes an estimate of incurred but not reported claims, based on data compiled from historical experience.

Foreign Currency Translation

The functional currencies for the Company's foreign operations are the applicable local currencies. The translation from the
applicable foreign currencies to U.S. dollars is performed for balance sheet accounts using current exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and for revenue and expense accounts using a weighted-average exchange rate during the period. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Translation adjustments arising from intercompany advances that are permanent in nature are also included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in other income, net.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management

The Company operates internationally, giving rise to exposure to market risks from changes in foreign exchange rates.From time to time, derivative financial instruments, primarily foreign exchange contracts, are used by the Company to reduce those risks. The Company does not hold or issue financial or derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. As of November 30, 2007 and 2006, the Company had foreign currency forward contracts with an aggregate notional value of $6,299,000 and $1,803,000, and fair value of $6,301,000 and $1,794,000, respectively. The Company does not apply hedge accounting for these derivative financial instruments. These derivatives are not designated as hedges. Net changes in fair values of the underlying instruments are recognized in earnings

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of financial instruments, other than long-term debt or derivatives, approximates the carrying value because of the short-term nature of such instruments.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, and forward foreign exchange contracts. The Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience and expected trends. Credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable is generally distributed over a large number of entities comprising the Company's customer base and is geographically dispersed. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers, maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts and, in certain instances, maintains credit insurance. The Company actively evaluates the creditworthiness of the financial institutions
with which it conducts business.

Stock-Based Compensation

Prior to December 1, 2005, the Company applied Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees”, and related interpretations in accounting for its various stock compensation plans. Effective December 1, 2005, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payments”, using the Modified Prospective Application method. SFAS No. 123 (R) requires the Company to measure all employee stock-based compensation awards using the fair-value method and to record such expense in its consolidated financial statements as described in Note (13). Under the Modified Prospective Application method, financial results for the prior periods have not been adjusted.

Other Comprehensive Loss

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss (net of tax, except for foreign currency translation) at November 30,were as follows:

(In thousands)
2007
2006

Foreign currency translation adjustment
$ 8,128
$ (82)
Comprehensive loss from TAMCO
(1,146)
(1,096)
Unrecognized pension and postretirement expense
(6,035)
Minimum pension liability adjustment
(10,817)
(26,054)
 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
$ (9,870)
$ (27,232)

New Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 48,“Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109.” FIN No. 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an entity’s financial statements in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) No. 109 and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for financial statement disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. The minimum threshold is defined in FIN No. 48 as a tax position that is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position.The tax benefit to be recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. FIN No. 48 must be applied to all existing tax positions upon initial adoption. The cumulative effect of applying FIN No. 48 at adoption is to be reported as an adjustment to beginning retained earnings for the year of adoption. FIN No. 48 is effective for the first quarter of the Company’s 2008 fiscal year and is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” which formally defines fair value, creates a standardized framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), and expands fair value measurement disclosures. SFAS No. 157 will be effective for the first quarter of the year ending November 30, 2008. The Company is evaluating whether the adoption of SFAS No.157 will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, "Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans," amending FASB Statement No. 87, “Employers’ Accounting for Pensions,” FASB Statement No. 88, “Employers’ Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits,” FASB Statement No. 106, “Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions,” and FASB Statement No. 132, “Employers’ Disclosures about Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits.” SFAS No. 158 requires companies to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan (other than a multiemployer plan) as an asset or liability in its financial statements and to recognize changes in that status in the year in which the changes occur. SFAS No. 158 also requires a company to measure the funded status of a plan as of the date of its year-end financial statements. The Company adopted the recognition provisions of SFAS No. 158 in fiscal year 2007. See Note (16) for information regarding the impact of adopting the recognition provisions of SFAS No. 158. The Company has not yet adopted the measurement provisions which are not effective until fiscal year 2009. The Company is evaluating whether the adoption of the measurement provision of SFAS No. 158 will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In September 2006, the FASB issued Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue No. 06-4, “Accounting for Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Benefit Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements,” effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007. EITF Issue No. 06-4 requires that, for split-dollar life insurance arrangements providing a benefit to an employee extending to postretirement periods, an employer should recognize a liability for future benefits in accordance with SFAS No. 106. EITF Issue No. 06-4 requires that recognition of the effects of adoption should be either by (a) a change in accounting principle through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption or (b) a change in accounting principle through retrospective application to all prior periods. The Company is evaluating whether the adoption of EITF Issue No. 06-4 will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” SFAS No. 159 permits companies to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. SFAS No. 159 seeks to improve the overall quality of financial reporting by providing companies the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. SFAS No. 159 will be effective for the year ending November 30, 2008. The Company is evaluating whether the adoption of SFAS No. 159 will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

Supplemental Cash Flow Information
(In thousands) 2007 2006 2005

     
Interest paid $ 3,996 $ 4,891 $ 5,863
Income taxes paid 18,687 9,663 18,244

Business Acquisitions

In October 2007, the Company acquired Polyplaster, Ltda. (“Polyplaster”) for $5,977,000 plus an earn out that could total
$1,500,000 based on the future performance of the acquired business. The purchase price was assigned primarily to property, plant and equipment, and inventory. Results of operations would not have been significantly different had the acquisition been completed at the beginning of periods presented. Polyplaster is a fiberglass-pipe manufacturer, located in Betim, Brazil, near the city of Belo Horizonte, which supplies polyester, fiberglass-pipe systems to the water, wastewater and industrial markets. The acquisition expands the Company’s operations in South America. In 2006, the Company acquired Tubos Y Activos (“Tubos”), a steel fabrication operation located in Mexicali, Mexico, for $989,000. Polyplaster is included in the Fiberglass-Composite Pipe Group; Tubos is included in the Water Transmission Group.

Note Two

 
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